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Josephine Baker (June 3, 1906 – April 12, 1975) was an American-born
French dancer, singer, and actress who came to be known in various circles as
the "Black Pearl," "Bronze Venus" and even the "Creole
Goddess". Born Freda Josephine McDonald in St. Louis, Missouri, Josephine
later became a citizen of France in 1937. She was fluent in both English and
French.
Josephine Baker was an American singer, dancer and night club performer
who achieved fame in Paris in the
1920s. She was also known for being a civil rights advocate and for fighting
racism. What is less known is that she was also a lesbian or bisexual woman.
Josephine Baker was a sex symbol of her time and she had many notable
lovers, both male and female. She had lovers in Europe and in
the United States and she
dated both Black and White men and women. Many of her biographies fail to
mention her female lovers.
Baker’s Banana Dance is probably one of the most famous dances during
that era.
Whether it’s the bananas or the
way she moves with them, this dance has gone down in history and is something every
dancer should know about.
Josephine Baker had a style all to her own. Her unique aesthetic and bold choreography
are still studied today as paradigms of 20s and 30s vernacular jazz
movements. Not only is she an important
figure in the Swing world, but her political significance trumps many of her
contemporaries. She was the first African American female to star in motion
pictures and to perform at a racially integrated American Concert Hall. She
aided the French resistance in WWII which won her the prestigious military
award of the Croix de Guerre and she is especially noted for her contributions
to the American Civil Rights movement in the 1970s.
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