Vincent
Willem van Gogh
30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890 was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In just over a decade he created about 2,100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of them in the last two years of his life. They include landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits, and are characterised by bold colours and dramatic, impulsive and expressive brushwork that contributed to the foundations of modern art. However, he was not commercially successful, and his suicide at 37 followed years of mental illness and poverty.
30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890 was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In just over a decade he created about 2,100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of them in the last two years of his life. They include landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits, and are characterised by bold colours and dramatic, impulsive and expressive brushwork that contributed to the foundations of modern art. However, he was not commercially successful, and his suicide at 37 followed years of mental illness and poverty.
Born
into an upper-middle-class family, Van Gogh drew as a child and was serious,
quiet and thoughtful. As a young man he worked as an art dealer, often
travelling, but became depressed after he was transferred to London. He turned
to religion and spent time as a Protestant missionary in southern Belgium. He
drifted in ill health and solitude before taking up painting in 1881, having
moved back home with his parents. His younger brother Theo supported him
financially, and the two kept up a long correspondence by letter. His early
works, mostly still lifes and depictions of peasant labourers, contain few
signs of the vivid colour that distinguished his later work. In 1886, he moved
to Paris, where he met members of the avant-garde, including Émile Bernard and
Paul Gauguin, who were reacting against the Impressionist sensibility. As his
work developed, he created a new approach to still lifes and local landscapes.
His paintings grew brighter in colour as he developed a style that became fully
realised during his stay in Arles in the south of France in 1888. During this period,
he broadened his subject matter to include series of olive trees, wheat fields
and sunflowers.
Van Gogh
suffered from psychotic episodes and delusions and though he worried about his
mental stability, he often neglected his physical health, did not eat properly
and drank heavily. His friendship with Gauguin ended after a confrontation with
a razor, when in a rage, he severed part of his own left ear. He spent time in
psychiatric hospitals, including a period at Saint-Rémy. After he discharged
himself and moved to the Auberge Ravoux in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris, he came
under the care of the homeopathic doctor Paul Gachet. His depression continued
and on 27 July 1890, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest with a revolver. He
died from his injuries two days later.
Van Gogh
was unsuccessful during his lifetime and was considered a madman and a failure.
He became famous after his suicide and exists in the public imagination as the
quintessential misunderstood genius, the artist "where discourses on
madness and creativity converge". His reputation began to grow in the
early 20th century as elements of his painting style came to be incorporated by
the Fauves and German Expressionists. He attained widespread critical,
commercial and popular success over the ensuing decades, and is remembered as
an important but tragic painter, whose troubled personality typifies the
romantic ideal of the tortured artist. Today, Van Gogh's works are among the world's
most expensive paintings to have ever sold at auction, and his legacy is
honoured by a museum in his name, the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, which holds
the world's largest collection of his paintings and drawings.
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