Happiness, gladness or joy is a mental or emotional state of well-being
defined by positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense
joy. A variety of biological, psychological, religious and philosophical
approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its sources. Various
research groups, including positive psychology, are employing the scientific
method to research questions about what "happiness" is, and how it
might be attained.
The United Nations declared 20 March the International Day of Happiness to recognize
the relevance of happiness and well-being as universal goals.
Definition
Philosophers and religious thinkers often define happiness in terms of
living a good life, or flourishing, rather than simply as an emotion. Happiness
in this sense was used to translate the Greek Eudaimonia, and is still used in
virtue ethics. There has been a transition over time from emphasis on the
happiness of virtue to the virtue of happiness.
A widely discussed political value expressed in the United States
Declaration of Independence of 1776, written by Thomas Jefferson, is the
universal right to "the pursuit of happiness."
Happiness is a fuzzy concept and can mean many different things to many
people. Part of the challenge of a science of happiness is to identify
different concepts of happiness, and where applicable, split them into their
components. Related concepts are well-being, quality of life and flourishing.
At least one author defines happiness as contentment. Some commentators focus
on the difference between the hedonistic tradition of seeking pleasant and
avoiding unpleasant experiences, and the eudaimonic tradition of living life in
a full and deeply satisfying way.
The 2012 World Happiness Report stated that in subjective well-being
measures, the primary distinction is between cognitive life evaluations and
emotional reports. Happiness is used in both life evaluation, as in “How happy
are you with your life as a whole?”, and in emotional reports, as in “How happy
are you now?,” and people seem able to use happiness as appropriate in these
verbal contexts. Using these measures, the World Happiness Report identifies
the countries with the highest levels of happiness.
No comments:
Post a Comment